The Lost 116 Pages of the Book of Mormon Manuscript: A Pause, and then Resuming with the Book of Mosiah
What happened after the 116 manuscript pages of the Book of Mormon were lost stolen? First a pause, where Joseph Smith was not allowed to translate. And then, with his new scribe, Oliver Cowdery, the translation resumed at the book of Mosiah. The Books of 1st Nephi through Omni were translated last.
Joseph Smith made a huge mistake, but in his foreknowledge of how history would transpire, God fixed it, and the prophet Mormon helped.
After Joseph Smith and Martin Harris finished the translation of the 116 Pages of manuscript that became lost after Harris took it to his home to show family and friends, there was a significant pause in the translation. When, miraculously, Oliver Cowdery came onto the scene and took up duties as Book of Mormon scribe, all evidence points to the likelihood that translation resumed with what is known as the Book of Mosiah, and that the books of 1st Nephi through words of Mormon comprised the very last part of the Book of Mormon translation.
One coincidental evidence of this is that John Whitmer's handwriting has been found in the translation manuscript of 1st Nephi through Words of Mormon. Not only was Whitmer not a scribe before that, but also Joseph and Emma Smith and Oliver Cowdery didn't even involve the Whitmers in the translation until they arrived at the Whitmer farm in June 1829, near the completion of the translation.
In his prophetic Book of Mormon interlude entitled "The Words of Mormon", the prophet Mormon writes that as he neared completion of his work on what we now know as the "gold plates," he searched through his large inventory of recorded plates to see if anything else should be included on that record which would be delivered hundreds of years later by his son, Moroni, to Joseph Smith. Mormon writes: "I searched among the records...and I found these plates...from Jacob down to the reign of this King Benjamin, and also many of the words of Nephi."
The reason he included those plates and writings was two-fold:
1. "The things which are on these plates" were pleasing to him because of their saturation with "prophecies of the coming of Christ". (Words of Mormon 1:4)
2. "[Mormon did] this for a wise purpose; for thus it whispereth me, according to the workings of the spirit" to include them in the record. (Words of Mormon 1:7)
And that somewhat duplicative account would come in very handy when somehow the 116 manuscript pages in the custody of Martin Harris became lost/stolen.
Where did Mormon put those writings of Nephi that he came across seemingly by happenstance? It would seem natural that he put those plates at the end of the record that he had edit, finished, and arranged, likely following a few blank sheets of metal that he left for his son Moroni to add his own final witness to the record (See Moroni's lament in Mormon 8:5 about having no ore to make any more plates and very little room to write on the remaining plates that existed).
Even better, that's exactly what Mormon said he did. He put them at the end. "Wherefore I choose these things to finish my record." (Words of Mormon 1:5)
Doctrine and Covenants section 10, which was received, then, before Joseph Smith and his scribes got to the translation of 1st Nephi, had this to say: "An account of those things that you have written. which have gone out of your hands, is engraven on the plates of Nephi." (verse 38)
If this was the order in which the plates were put into the record, and the order in which they were translated, imagine Joseph's relief when, coming to the end of the unsealed portion of the plates, he begins to recognize similarities in that record (the record of Nephi) with what had been translated a few months back and then lost (the Book of Lehi).
For Joseph Smith's failure, God had a plan. "I will show unto [the world] that my wisdom is greater than the cunning of the devil." (Doctine and Covenants 10:43)
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